COP 15 - UNITED NATIONS BIODIVERSITY SUMMIT

 

  SOME GOOD PROGRESS WAS MADE IN DECEMBER 2022 WITH THE PARTIES AGREEING TO HALT HARMFUL FOSSIL FUEL SUBSIDIES AND PROTECT 30% OF LAND AND OCEANS BY AREA, INCLUDING HALVING GLOBAL FOOD WASTE BY 2030

Please use our A-Z INDEX to navigate this site, or our HOMEPAGE 

 

 

 

 

Opened for signature in 1992 at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, and entering into force in December 1993, the CBD is an international treaty for the conservation of biodiversity, the sustainable use of the components of biodiversity and the equitable sharing of the benefits derived from the use of genetic resources.

With 196 Parties, the CBD has near universal participation among countries. The Convention seeks to address all threats to biodiversity and ecosystem services.

The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing are supplementary agreements to the CBD. The Cartagena Protocol, which entered into force 11 September 2003, seeks to protect biodiversity from the potential risks posed by living modified organisms resulting from modern biotechnology.

To date, 173 Parties have ratified the Cartagena Protocol. The Nagoya Protocol aims to hare the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources in a fair and equitable way, including by appropriate access to genetic resources and by appropriate transfer of relevant technologies. Entering into force 12 October 2014, it has been ratified by 135 Parties.

 

 

 

 

 

 

The United Nations Biodiversity Conference (COP15) concluded on 19 December 2022 in Montreal, Canada, with the adoption of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) on the final day of negotiations.

 

COP 15 took place between 7-19 December 2022 in Montreal, Canada. Governments from around the world came together to agree on a new set of goals to guide global action through 2030 to halt and reverse nature loss.

The UN Biodiversity Conference (Fifteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP-15) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)), Tenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (COP-MOP 10), and the Fourth meeting of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization (NP-MOP 4) in Kunming, China is being held in two parts. 

The conference will see the adoption of the post-2020 global biodiversity framework. The framework provides a strategic vision and a global roadmap for the conservation, protection, restoration and sustainable management of biodiversity and ecosystems for the next decade.

The lead-up to the Conference and related meetings provides the global community with further opportunities to galvanize efforts at all levels to build a better future in harmony with nature, and to continue efforts to achieve the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. The CBD Secretariat will continue to monitor further developments regarding the ongoing uncertainties caused by the pandemic and announce any further changes that may become necessary.

The main objective of the Conference is to adopt the post-2020 global biodiversity framework. Draft One of the framework, released in July 2021, builds on lessons learned from the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and its Aichi Biodiversity Targets. It recognizes that urgent policy action globally, regionally and nationally is required to transform economic, social and financial models so the trends that have exacerbated biodiversity loss will stabilize by 2030 and allow for the recovery of natural ecosystems, with net improvements by 2050.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE KEY PLEDGES OF COP15 BIODIVERSITY SUMMIT

- Protect 30% of the world's lands, seas, coasts and inland waters by 2030 - especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem functions

- Halve global food waste by 2030

- Reduce to "near zero" the loss of areas of wildlife-rich habitat

- Reduce by 500 billion dollars (£411.7 billion) a year government subsidies that harm nature

- Eliminate, minimize, reduce and or mitigate the impacts of invasive alien species on biodiversity and establishment of other known or potential invasive alien species by at least 50 per cent, by 2030

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nearing the conclusion of a sometimes fractious two-week meeting, nations of the world today agreed on a historic package of measures deemed critical to addressing the dangerous loss of biodiversity and restoring natural ecosystems.

Convened under UN auspices, chaired by China, and hosted by Canada, the 15th Conference of Parties to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity adopted the “Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework” (GBF), including four goals and 23 targets for achievement by 2030.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AMONG THE GLOBAL TARGETS FOR 2030:
 
- Effective conservation and management of at least 30% of the world’s lands, inland waters, coastal areas and oceans, with emphasis on areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem functioning and services. The GBF prioritizes ecologically-representative, well-connected and equitably-governed systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation, recognizing indigenous and traditional territories and practices. Currently 17% and 10% of the world’s terrestrial and marine areas respectively are under protection.

- Have restoration completed or underway on at least 30% of degraded terrestrial, inland waters, and coastal and marine ecosystems

- Reduce to near zero the loss of areas of high biodiversity importance, including ecosystems of high ecological integrity

- Cut global food waste in half and significantly reduce over consumption and waste generation

- Reduce by half both excess nutrients and the overall risk posed by pesticides and highly hazardous chemicals

- Progressively phase out or reform by 2030 subsidies that harm biodiversity by at least $500 billion per year, while scaling up positive incentives for biodiversity’s conservation and sustainable use
 
- Mobilize by 2030 at least $200 billion per year in domestic and international biodiversity-related funding from all sources – public and private

 

- Raise international financial flows from developed to developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing States, and countries with economies in transition, to at least US$ 20 billion per year by 2025, and to at least US$ 30 billion per year by 2030

- Prevent the introduction of priority invasive alien species, and reduce by at least half the introduction and establishment of other known or potential invasive alien species, and eradicate or control invasive alien species on islands and other priority sites

- Require large and transnational companies and financial institutions to monitor, assess, and transparently disclose their risks, dependencies and impacts on biodiversity through their operations, supply and value chains and portfolios

Warns the GBF: “Without such action, there will be a further acceleration in the global rate of species extinction, which is already at least tens to hundreds of times higher than it has averaged over the past 10 million years.”

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Inger Andersen, United Nations Environment Director (UNEP) Executive Director, explains what the COP15 agreement means and what comes next for nature and the people who rely on it.

 

"When it comes to safeguarding the natural world, we have heard many commitments. But commitments are easy. It is turning them into action that is hard.

It is one minute to midnight for the United Nations Biodiversity Conference and the framework we are developing to protect the planet’s dwindling biodiversity. We must agree on the framework’s text and ensure that commitments at every level become a reality. Yes indeed, we all want to live in harmony with nature. But to make it actually happen, we need more.

We need Heads of State who make the commitments to instruct their ministers to instruct their negotiators on what's needed. The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services told us a few years ago, that there are five drivers of biodiversity loss. Fragmentation and land-use changes are driving around 80 per cent of biodiversity loss in many jurisdictions, including in the developing world. That means agriculture. That means infrastructure. That means urban expansion and sprawl. So we need to have a conversation about this.

We know a second driver is overexploitation, like overfishing and tree felling. We need these resources, obviously. But are we willing to have that conversation with aquaculture, with agriculture and with forestry? Because that is what we need to do.

The third driver is pollution. We use nutrients in agriculture, and that is well understood. But by using nutrients and fertilizers, we are creating dead zones in the oceans, and we are killing our waterways. That's a conversation we need to have.

We understand that climate change is real and is forcing disabling shifts in nature. So that's another conversation that we must have.

The last driver is invasive species. It is actually a bigger driver of loss than some of the others I have mentioned, but less understood. It is something that we also need to deal with.

We need to unpack these five drivers in the framework. We salute the call for the 30 by 30 goal, which calls for the protection of 30 percent of the Earth’s land and sea by 2030. But that's one out of 21 things that we need to get right in this framework. Others include overexploitation, pollution, fragmentation and unsustainable agricultural practices.

So, when we say the words “nature-based solutions, no net loss, living in harmony with nature” — these are good words. When we say the words “whole-of-society solution”, these are good words. But they must be translated into the agriculture sector, into the infrastructure sector, into the kind of policies and key levers that we must deploy.

This is not the first global framework aimed at ending biodiversity loss. This is indeed the third one, and so we want to get this right. We want targets that we can measure. We want to move beyond generic targets of living in harmony with nature and a vague proclamation of where we would like to be 10 years from now. We want this to make sense. We want this to add up to no net loss. That's what this conversation is about.

So, I salute all of those who have made the commitments tonight. What we will need to do is to actually hold each other and ourselves to account, because that's what will matter. Thank you."

 

 

 


THE FRAMEWORK'S FOUR OVERARCHING GLOBAL GOALS
 
GOAL A


The integrity, connectivity and resilience of all ecosystems are maintained, enhanced, or restored, substantially increasing the area of natural ecosystems by 2050;

 

Human induced extinction of known threatened species is halted, and, by2050, extinction rate and risk of all species are reduced tenfold, and the abundance of native wild species is increased to healthy and resilient levels;

 

The genetic diversity within populations of wild and domesticated species, is maintained, safeguarding their adaptive potential.

GOAL B

Biodiversity is sustainably used and managed and nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services, are valued, maintained and enhanced, with those currently in decline being restored, supporting the achievement of sustainable development, for the benefit of present and future generations by 2050.

GOAL C

The monetary and non-monetary benefits from the utilization of genetic resources, and digital sequence information on genetic resources, and of traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources, as applicable, are shared fairly and equitably, including, as appropriate with indigenous peoples and local communities, and substantially increased by 2050, while ensuring traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources is appropriately protected, thereby contributing to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, in accordance with internationally agreed access and benefit-sharing instruments.

GOAL D

Adequate means of implementation, including financial resources, capacity-building, technical and scientific cooperation, and access to and transfer of technology to fully implement the Kunming-Montreal global biodiversity framework are secured and equitably accessible to all Parties, especially developing countries, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing States, as well as countries with economies in transition, progressively closing the biodiversity finance gap of $700 billion per year, and aligning financial flows with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and the 2050 Vision for Biodiversity.

Held at Montreal's Palais des Congrès Dec. 7-19, representatives of 188 governments on site (95% of all 196 Parties to the UN CBD, as well as two non-Parties – the United States and The Vatican), finalized and approved measures to arrest the ongoing loss of terrestrial and marine biodiversity and set humanity in the direction of a sustainable relationship with nature, with clear indicators to measure progress.

In addition to the GBF, the meeting approved a series of related agreements on its implementation, including planning, monitoring, reporting and review; resource mobilization; helping nations to build their capacity to meet the obligations; and digital sequence information on genetic resources.

For example, The Global Environment Facility was requested to establish, as soon as possible, a Special Trust Fund to support the implementation of the Global Biodiversity Framework (“GBF Fund”). The fund would complement existing support and scale up financing to ensure the timely implementation of the GBF with adequate, predictable and timely flow of funds.

Digital sequence information on genetic resources – a dominant topic at COP15 – has many commercial and non-commercial applications, including pharmaceutical product development, improved crop breeding, taxonomy, and the monitoring of invasive species.

COP15 delegates agreed to establish within the GBF a multilateral fund for the equitable sharing of benefits between providers and users of DSI, to be finalized at COP16 in Türkiye in 2024.

The agreement also obligates countries to monitor and report every five years or less on a large set of "headline" and other indicators related to progress against the GBF's goals and targets.

Headline indicators include the percent of land and seas effective conserved, the number of companies disclosing their impacts and dependencies on biodiversity, and many others.

The CBD will combine national information submitted by late February 2026 and late June 2029 into global trend and progress reports.

 

 

 

* * * * *

 

 

 

Emphasized throughout the approved documents are the needs to foster the full and effective contributions of women, persons of diverse gender identities, youth, indigenous peoples and local communities, civil society organizations, the private and financial sectors, and stakeholders from all other sectors.

Also emphasized: the need for a “whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach” to implementing the GBF.
 

 

 

Tony Juniper says 30% is not enough, species content too weak. Needs stronger ambitions

 

 

 


KUNMING-MONTREAL GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY FRAMEWORK: 23 TARGETS
 
TARGET 1


Ensure that all areas are under participatory integrated biodiversity inclusive spatial planning and/or effective management processes addressing land and sea use change, to bring the loss of areas of high biodiversity importance, including ecosystems of high ecological integrity, close to zero by 2030, while respecting the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities.

TARGET 2

Ensure that by 2030 at least 30 per cent of areas of degraded terrestrial, inland water, and coastal and marine ecosystems are under effective restoration, in order to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, ecological integrity and connectivity.

TARGET 3

Ensure and enable that by 2030 at least 30 per cent of terrestrial, inland water, and coastal and marine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, are effectively conserved and managed through ecologically representative, well-connected and equitably governed systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, recognizing indigenous and traditional territories, where applicable, and integrated into wider landscapes, seascapes and the ocean, while ensuring that any sustainable use, where appropriate in such areas, is fully consistent with conservation outcomes, recognizing and respecting the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities including over their traditional territories.

 

 

 

 

Kulo-Luna is a giant humpback whale, injured by a harpoon, and caught in discarded fishing nets.

 

 

OCEAN AWARENESS - Innovative campaigns to draw attention to endangered species, help the public learn about real life problems faced by large mammals at sea. Kulo-Luna is one of a series of environmental stories that may go to make a difference as they come on stream. This is a fictional tale of a giant humpback whale who is wounded by a whaling harpoon, then gets caught in ghost fishing nets. But where the whaler who caused the harm makes amends in a surprising way. A script is available for this heartwarming adventure on request from the Cleaner Ocean Foundation, in Sussex England. Hoping to interest conservation minded actors, directors and producers. Suitable for animation or live action films.

 

 

 

 

 

TARGET 4

Ensure urgent management actions, to halt human induced extinction of known threatened species and for the recovery and conservation of species, in particular threatened species, to significantly reduce extinction risk, as well as to maintain and restore the genetic diversity within and between populations of native, wild and domesticated species to maintain their adaptive potential, including through in situ and ex situ conservation and sustainable management practices, and effectively manage human-wildlife interactions to minimize human-wildlife conflict for coexistence.

TARGET 5

Ensure that the use, harvesting and trade of wild species is sustainable, safe and legal, preventing overexploitation, minimizing impacts on non-target species and ecosystems, and reducing the risk of pathogen spill-over, applying the ecosystem approach, while respecting and protecting customary sustainable use by indigenous peoples and local communities.

TARGET 6

Eliminate, minimize, reduce and or mitigate the impacts of invasive alien species on biodiversity and ecosystem services by identifying and managing pathways of the introduction of alien species, preventing the introduction and establishment of priority invasive alien species, reducing the rates of introduction and establishment of other known or potential invasive alien species by at least 50 percent, by 2030, eradicating or controlling invasive alien species especially in priority sites, such as islands .

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

WILDLIFE SURVEYS - The common toad (pictured September 2022) is not as protected as it should be. A survey conducted by Southern Water, in the rush to develop housing in the small village of Herstmonceux, in the country, missed badgers (set allegedly bulldozed), great crested newts and toads in and around a field targeted for over development. The area also has bats, ducks and herons. Even an owl or two.

 

 

 

 

 

TARGET 7

Reduce pollution risks and the negative impact of pollution from all sources, by 2030, to levels that are not harmful to biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, considering cumulative effects, including: reducing excess nutrients lost to the environment by at least half including through more efficient nutrient cycling and use; reducing the overall risk from pesticides and highly hazardous chemicals by at least half including through integrated pest management, based on science, taking into account food security and livelihoods; and also preventing, reducing, and working towards eliminating plastic pollution.

TARGET 8

Minimize the impact of climate change and ocean acidification on biodiversity and increase its resilience through mitigation, adaptation, and disaster risk reduction actions, including through nature-based solution and/or ecosystem-based approaches, while minimizing negative and fostering positive impacts of climate action on biodiversity.

TARGET 9

Ensure that the management and use of wild species are sustainable, thereby providing social, economic and environmental benefits for people, especially those in vulnerable situations and those most dependent on biodiversity, including through sustainable biodiversity-based activities, products and services that enhance biodiversity, and protecting and encouraging customary sustainable use by indigenous peoples and local communities.

TARGET 10

Ensure that areas under agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry are managed sustainably, in particular through the sustainable use of biodiversity, including through a substantial increase of the application of biodiversity friendly practices, such as sustainable intensification, agroecological and other innovative approaches contributing to the resilience and long-term efficiency and productivity of these production systems and to food security, conserving and restoring biodiversity and maintaining nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services.

 

TARGET 11

Restore, maintain and enhance nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services, such as regulation of air, water, and climate, soil health, pollination and reduction of disease risk, as well as protection from natural hazards and disasters, through nature-based solutions and ecosystem-based approaches for the benefit of all people and nature.

 

 

 

 

 

 

RE-WILDING - This field was dug up and soak tested by developers. In the process damaging the ecosystem, supporting habitats for bubble-bees, birds, dragonflies, crickets, and hosts of other insects. We are pleased to say that following a campaign to draw awareness to the plight of this wildlife, that the permission granted by Wealden District Council, has so far not been implemented. We hope that with Conservative housing targets being reduced. That if any development were to proceed, that it would be for affordable homes for local families, that are net zero, hence, sustainable.

 

 

 

 

TARGET 12

Significantly increase the area and quality and connectivity of, access to, and benefits from green and blue spaces in urban and densely populated areas sustainably, by mainstreaming the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, and ensure biodiversity-inclusive urban planning, enhancing native biodiversity, ecological connectivity and integrity, and improving human health and well-being and connection to nature and contributing to inclusive and sustainable urbanization and the provision of ecosystem functions and services.

TARGET 13

Take effective legal, policy, administrative and capacity-building measures at all levels, as appropriate, to ensure the fair and equitable sharing of benefits that arise from the utilization of genetic resources and from digital sequence information on genetic resources, as well as traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources, and facilitating appropriate access to genetic resources, and by 2030 facilitating a significant increase of the benefits shared, in accordance with applicable international access and benefit-sharing instruments.

TARGET 14

Ensure the full integration of biodiversity and its multiple values into policies, regulations, planning and development processes, poverty eradication strategies, strategic environmental assessments, environmental impact assessments and, as appropriate, national accounting, within and across all levels of government and across all sectors, in particular those with significant impacts on biodiversity, progressively aligning all relevant public and private activities, fiscal and financial flows with the goals and targets of this framework.

TARGET 15

Take legal, administrative or policy measures to encourage and enable business, and in particular to ensure that large and transnational companies and financial institutions:

(a) Regularly monitor, assess, and transparently disclose their risks, dependencies and impacts on biodiversity including with requirements for all large as well as transnational companies and financial institutions along their operations, supply and value chains and portfolios;

(b) Provide information needed to consumers to promote sustainable consumption patterns;

(c) Report on compliance with access and benefit-sharing regulations and measures, as applicable;

in order to progressively reduce negative impacts on biodiversity, increase positive impacts, reduce biodiversity-related risks to business and financial institutions, and promote actions to ensure sustainable patterns of production.

TARGET 16

Ensure that people are encouraged and enabled to make sustainable consumption choices including by establishing supportive policy, legislative or regulatory frameworks, improving education and access to relevant and accurate information and alternatives, and by 2030, reduce the global footprint of consumption in an equitable manner, halve global food waste, significantly educe overconsumption and substantially reduce waste generation, in order for all people to live well in harmony with Mother Earth.

TARGET 17

Establish, strengthen capacity for, and implement in all countries in bio-safety measures as set out in Article 8(g) of the Convention on Biological Diversity and measures for the handling of biotechnology and distribution of its benefits as set out in Article 19 of the Convention.

TARGET 18

Identify by 2025, and eliminate, phase out or reform incentives, including subsidies harmful for biodiversity, in a proportionate, just, fair, effective and equitable way, while substantially and progressively reducing them by at least $500 billion United States dollars per year by 2030, starting with the most harmful incentives, and scale up positive incentives for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity.

TARGET 19

Substantially and progressively increase the level of financial resources from all sources, in an effective, timely and easily accessible manner, including domestic, international, public and private resources, in accordance with Article 20 of the Convention, to implement national biodiversity strategies and action plans, by2030 mobilizing at least 200 billion United States dollars per year, including by:

(a) Increasing total biodiversity related international financial resources from developed countries, including official development assistance, and from countries that voluntarily assume obligations of developed country Parties, to developing countries, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing States, as well as countries with economies in transition, to at least US$ 20 billion per year by 2025, and to at least US$ 30 billion per year by 2030;

(b) Significantly increasing domestic resource mobilization, facilitated by the preparation and implementation of national biodiversity finance plans or similar instruments according to national needs, priorities and circumstances

(c) Leveraging private finance, promoting blended finance, implementing strategies for raising new and additional resources, and encouraging the private sector to invest in biodiversity, including through impact funds and other instruments;

(d) Stimulating innovative schemes such as payment for ecosystem services, green bonds, biodiversity offsets and credits, benefit-sharing mechanisms, with environmental and social safeguards

(e) Optimizing co-benefits and synergies of finance targeting the biodiversity and climate crises,

(f) Enhancing the role of collective actions, including by indigenous peoples and local communities, Mother Earth centric actions and non-market-based approaches including community based natural resource management and civil society cooperation and solidarity aimed at the conservation of biodiversity

(g) Enhancing the effectiveness, efficiency and transparency of resource provision and use;

TARGET 20

Strengthen capacity-building and development, access to and transfer of technology, and promote development of and access to innovation and technical and scientific cooperation, including through South- South, North-South and triangular cooperation, to meet the needs for effective implementation, particularly in developing countries, fostering joint technology development and joint scientific research programmes for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and strengthening scientific research and monitoring capacities, commensurate with the ambition of the goals and targets of the framework.

TARGET 21

Ensure that the best available data, information and knowledge, are accessible to decision makers, practitioners and the public to guide effective and equitable governance, integrated and participatory management of biodiversity, and to strengthen communication, awareness-raising, education, monitoring, research and knowledge management and, also in this context, traditional knowledge, innovations, practices and technologies of indigenous peoples and local communities should only be accessed with their free, prior and informedconsent20, in accordance with national legislation.

TARGET 22

Ensure the full, equitable, inclusive, effective and gender-responsive representation and participation in decision-making, and access to justice and information related to biodiversity by indigenous peoples and local communities, respecting their cultures and their rights over lands, territories, resources, and traditional knowledge, as well as by women and girls, children and youth, and persons with disabilities and ensure the full protection of environmental human rights defenders.

TARGET 23

Ensure gender equality in the implementation of the framework through a gender-responsive approach where all women and girls have equal opportunity and capacity to contribute to the three objectives of the Convention, including by recognizing their equal rights and access to land and natural resources and their full, equitable, meaningful and informed participation and leadership at all levels of action, engagement, policy and decision-making related to biodiversity.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rishi Sunack is the British Prime Minister in December 2022 who is coming to terms with years of ignoring the natural world and order of things, as greedy bankers and kleptocratic councils pushed to wipe out wildlife in favour of property development schemes that were and are unsustainable. Without a thought for the great crested newts, toads, ducks and herons on a pond - where the developers were trying to pass contaminated surface water through.

 

Politicians promoting growth are somewhat behind the curve. We reached saturation point many years ago. The planet cannot sustain growth, even turbo charged with chemical fertilizers. Such agricultural practices, designed to boost harvests to feed the starving millions, creates deserts of agricultural land and washes nutrients into the sea, where it manifests as sargassum blooms - creating havoc for island economies.

 

 

 

 

FOOD SHORTAGES & STARVATION

 

In a return to survival of the fittest, it will be kill or be killed. So make sure you have a good supply of hunting weapons and home defence equipment. Having captured your prospective meals, we also suggest a good supply of sharp knives and hatchets, to be able to prepare your meals. And don't forget, that you and your family could become the next meal for your neighbors, if you fail to take precautions. We imagine Parish and District Councillors would be fair game as local politicians who helped to bring about the climate emergency, once the bigger wigs have been feasted on.

 

Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, Russia and the US (Texas chainsaw massacre), have had their fair share of cannibals. And don't forget Sweeney Todd (the demon barber with a cut-throat razor) of 186 Fleet Street, London, who was a purveyor of human flesh, a key (and free) ingredient of Margery Lovett's much celebrated pork and veal meat pies, that were held to be delicious - and much sought after. Together, the couple butchered over 160 customers, between 1785 to 1802, estimated from the clothes found on the premises. It would be fair to assume that once agriculture, and the seas can no longer provide food for around nine billion hungry humans, that pork and veal pie shops might spring up in every city centre around the world, as fast food franchises, for human-burgers, while stocks last. Munch to the delight of Hannibal Lecter, renowned for having his old friends for dinner.

 

..

 

Planet earth can only produce so much food and other produce, hence support so many people.

 

 

 

 

BIODIVERSITY COP HISTORY

 

COP 1: 1994 Nassau, Bahamas, Nov & Dec

COP 8: 2006 Curitiba, Brazil, 8 Mar

COP 2: 1995 Jakarta, Indonesia, Nov

COP 9: 2008 Bonn, Germany, May

COP 3: 1996 Buenos Aires, Argentina, Nov

COP 10: 2010 Nagoya, Japan, Oct

COP 4: 1998 Bratislava, Slovakia, May

COP 11: 2012 Hyderabad, India

EXCOP: 1999 Cartagena, Colombia, Feb

COP 12: 2014 Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea, Oct

COP 5: 2000 Nairobi, Kenya, May

COP 13: 2016 Cancun, Mexico, 2 to 17 Dec

COP 6: 2002 The Hague, Netherlands, April

COP 14: 2018 Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, 17 to 29 Nov

COP 7: 2004 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Feb

COP 15: 2020 Kunming, Yunnan, China

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

CONTACTS

 

Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity
413, Saint Jacques Street, suite 800
Montreal QC H2Y 1N9
Canada

Tel:
+1 514 288 2220
Fax: +1 514 288 6588
E-Mail: secretariat@cbd.int
David Ainsworth: +1-514-561-2720 | david.ainsworth@un.org
Terry Collins: +1-416-878-8712 | tc@tca.tc
Franca d’Amico: +1 (514) 349-1518 | franca.damico@un.org

 

Web: www.cbd.int

 

Location - The Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity is located in downtown Montreal. The office is very close to Metro station Square Victoria. Whether you arrive by air, train, bus or car, we are easy to be found and within walking distance of many downtown hotels. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Please use our A-Z INDEX to navigate this site, or our HOMEPAGE 

 

 

 

 

This website is Copyright © 2022 Climate Change Trust & Injustice Alliance The views, performance reviews and opinions of the Trust are protected by Articles 18 and 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.